Perforce vs svn. At last, we look at Git vs Perforce in terms of pricing.

Perforce vs svn git Aug 13, 2025 · Introduction In the dynamic landscape of software development, the choice of version control system can profoundly impact a team's efficiency and productivity. The P4 command line has gotten better. Perforce Helix Core version control — which is best for your team? See how they compare. Sep 21, 2017 · Last year, we highlighted the new extensibility points for our source control providers. ClearCase vs. I feel that there are many misconceptions regarding Perforce's product, largely due to their marketing. 那么，在Perforce Helix Core与SVN的较量中，谁会赢呢？ Perforce为那些希望重新获得因版本控制而损失的生产力的团队提供了一个引人注目的解决方案。 Jan 28, 2022 · ゲーム開発においてバージョン管理システムは開発の中核を担う重要なものです。 Subversion、Git、Perforceをそれぞれ3年以上使った経験から、各バージョン管理システムのメリットとデメリットをまとめていきたいと思います。 Subversion 導入コストが 在Perforce的网站上，他们有一篇比较这两种工具的文章： P4 vs SVN。 显然，鉴于来源，你必须意识到它强调了Perforce相对于SVN的优势，但它仍然是一篇有用的阅读材料。 Jun 4, 2025 · We compare performance, scalability, handling large files, branching and merging in Perforce vs Git. Read along or jump to the section that interests you most: Compare SVN vs. SVN over CVS is almost a no-brainer. It's easier to set up and get running. There are still operations that are easier to do in ancient P4Win than in P4V, even basic stuff like organizing files between changelists. Perforce version control — Helix Core — has better access control and auditability than both Git and SVN. At last, we look at Git vs Perforce in terms of pricing. Merging blueprints will be painful in any version control, so you'll have to build workflow which avoids merging blueprints as much as possible. Merge, Branch, Tag, Compare 기능을 지원한다. These hooks allowed them to take advantage of our start page and status bar to provide their users a more integrated experience in Visual Studio. There is no need to May 20, 2024 · Repos Code review and Perforce, SVN & Git in one unified platform. Imagine you are a developer on the road, you develop on your laptop and you want to have source control so that you can go back 3 hours. So, which is better for this task, and why? Perforce furnishes a compelling solution for those looking to regain productivity and resources lost to Subversion. I also recall trying to install the ViewPoint toolkit many years ago and it really slowed LabVIEW down. Interesting, as I've used svn for years and only recently switched to perforce only because perforce was lightning fast compared to svn. 下一步 “Perforce to Git” 阵营显然有一些势头，Git 和现代 CI/CD 工具现在已经准备好应对规模最大、最复杂的开发工作。 事实上，Perforce 甚至开发了一个名为 Git Fusion 的工具，它允许您将中央 Perforce 存储库的一部分提取为 Git 代码存储库。 版本管理系统的优劣我不想展开了，大家搜索一下就能看到大量这方面的权威讨论和对比，我只想以我的亲身经历，站在系统管理员和一线用户的角度描述一下Git、SVN、P4D这三者对于我们日常研发效率提升的真实感受。 # … May 16, 2023 · Comparing Version Control Systems: Git, SVN, CVS, and More Version control systems (VCS) play a crucial role in software development, enabling teams to collaborate efficiently, track changes, and … PVCS vs Subversion vs CVS vs VSS also mentioning BitKeeper, Perforce and SourceVault SCM Comparisons maintained by the Perforce people this page compares Perforce with ClearCase, CVS, PVCS and VSS. While … SVN vs. Nov 14, 2018 · Perforce version control — P4 — has better access control and auditability than both Git and SVN. SVN Commands Branching and Merging The following Perforce commands will help you branch and merge more efficiently — and accelerate development velocity. Aug 3, 2024 · Both Git and Perforce are popular version control systems. git folder in the project folder. Using SVN is fine, but sometimes can be annoying (missing status icons in explorer) and hard to work with (merging branches). I will say Git is a hard pass for UE projects. I understand that you can use LFS, but it May 23, 2024 · SVN vs. Even when using svn on the same lan, I loathed waiting for it to check out files. First time hearing about perforce. At Epic we use Perforce as our version control system, which is why we first implemented Perforce support in Rocket. Evaluating version control tools? Compare Perforce vs. It is about big team - more than 20 people, which uses SVN. Jul 10, 2023 · Choosing the right version control system for your projects can be tricky. The key difference is that it is decentralized. But as you've See Perforce P4 (formerly Helix Core) pricing and plans, including free and cloud options. It's a Jul 10, 2024 · Why should you use Git vs Perforce for version control? Discover reasons why your company should migrate their version control system to Git. 장점오랜기간 많은 유저를 가졌던 만큼 안정적이다. With heavyweights like Perforce and Git each offering unique advantages, understanding their core differences is crucial for developers looking to optimize their workflows. Plus, learn about the different ways to get started quickly with P4. ) Back to top ClearCase Basics: How ClearCase Works So, how does ClearCase work? And why do development teams use it? Here are the ClearCase basics you should know. May 9, 2023 · Git, Perforce, Plastic SCM or SVN? Read this guide to compare and contrast the benefits of these version control systems. The main difference is that Git is decentralized and Perforce is centralized. But isn't it about time your development team learned how to use SVN more effectively? Consider this your guide to using SVN (and deciding when to migrate). The company also offers dedicated technical support and a professional services team to ensure that Jun 13, 2025 · 文章浏览阅读3. It's different. Perforce Scalability: Perforce is known for handling very large codebases with ease, making it popular in industries like gaming and embedded systems. Git and Mercurial are extremely similar. Perforce is good for large files but clunky to set up and expensive. Git and Mercurial have a distributed model. 파일 전체를 저장하는 May 29, 2024 · This comparison is for the experienced Subversion user who is new to Perforce. Setting Up a SVN Server Perforce offers a more productive solution for code management compared to Subversion. Subversion, for example, can be configured to handle EOLs differently according to the file type, whereas Perforce converts all text files according to a single, per-client setting. Why? P4 gives you: Single source of truth for all code, large binary files, and digital assets. Select Git under Current source control plug-in on the right-hand pane. I prefer Mercurial The perforce branching mechanism is superior. Terms The following table compares Subversion terms to their Perforce equivalents. Git ClearCase vs. Jul 18, 2025 · 本文深入比较了Git、SVN、Mercurial、Perforce和Azure DevOps五大软件版本管理工具，分析了它们的特点、优势和适用场景。文章还提供了选择合适工具的关键考虑因素，包括团队规模、项目复杂度、安全需求等，帮助开发团队找到最适合自身需求的版本管理解决方案。 Sep 27, 2007 · A client recently switched from SourceSafe (VSS) to Perforce and had problems with Shared Folders and the Visual Studio pluginit's amazing how dependent Visual Studio users become on these two features. Jun 4, 2025 · Comparing Git vs Perforce for game development? We explore key differences, pros and cons, and integrations to help you choose the right version control system. . Perforce Migrating from ClearCase Software? If you are looking to leave ClearCase source control behind, P4 — version control from Perforce — is the best solution. the others — SVN, Git, Unity Version Control, and ClearCase. Oct 23, 2025 · This blog will delve into the key distinctions between Perforce and Git, two of the most popular Version Control Systems in the software development industry. Subversion has fallen out of favor and is no longer cool. I know Perforce and PlasticSCM exist, and are essentially more modern, more efficient, more featured centralized VCS options when compared to Subversion. Jun 26, 2012 · I think the svn v svnsync issue is more one of miscategorisation. With Subversion, you have a Problem: The SVN Repository may be in a location you can't reach (in your company, and you don't have Jul 30, 2019 · Hi aputman, I use SVN with the Tortoise SVN Windows shell and have never felt the need to have it integrated into the LV project explorer. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Others. svnsync is svn, the mirroring tool simply replays svn commits to make backups so there is no distinction between repositories. Dec 10, 2012 · If you're using Visual Studio, you can integrate TortoiseSVN commands to various context menus. I hope that you find the article to be helpful: Visual Studio - Git Open Visual Studio. It offers proven capabilities in an integrated platform, the choice of either centralized or distributed workflows, a full Git management ecosystem, and advanced security measures. also a hat is available on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. So, keep in mind that all my comments are based on based on the products at that time. Here, we will provide a comprehensive overview of what Subversion is, the history of Subversion software, what an SVN repository is, and potential drawbacks you should consider before switching to SVN. Oct 25, 2011 · Git is not better than Subversion. Spaces Streamline development with integrated ticketing, sprint planning, and collaboration tools. Perforceに関しては合計で2年ほどの経験ですので, 間違いも多いと思います. For Perforce you would need something similar like Assembla. Unreal Engine comes with two fully-integrated methods that allow people to work together on their projects using version control software like Perforce and SVN. Unix, Linux, Windows 등 다양한 운영체제를 지원한다. Perforce, svn, plastic also works. Sep 19, 2023 · If you are performing an SVN or Git to Perforce migration, there are several things to keep in mind to ensure that it is successful. Perforce Helix Core Perforce Helix Core is a centralized version control system similar to SVN but with enhanced features that cater to large-scale enterprises and projects with significant binary assets. Apr 9, 2024 · I have benchmarked Perforce Helix Core against Subversion. 하나의 파일에 대한 동시작업이 가능하다. Jun 4, 2025 · All things considered, when putting SVN vs Git, Subversion simply has better performance for large code bases that are frequently updated and binary files. In reality, Subversion seems to be a much better designed system. These are known as VCS and are frameworks that you can implement locally or in a cloud-based server using a GUI or command prompt. Jan 30, 2020 · It is one of many version control systems available today. That’s why game studios still use centralized version control systems, like SVN and Perforce, instead of Git. TortoiseSVN - A Subversion client, implemented as a Microsoft Windows shell extension. Especially handling merges was a catastrophe. I remember once reading that the preference seemed to be Perforce inside JetBrains, but didn't know if that had changed with more exposure, unless Alexander was the only one really exposed to Subversion. By the way, the UE team themselves are using Perforce, so I'll say it is the best adapted When comparing Subversion vs Perforce, the Slant community recommends Subversion for most people. Subversion (SVN), a very solid option for small to medium projects, free and open-source. Manage your source code and build artifact repositories in one space for seamless developer collaboration. And find out when it makes sense to migrate from SVN. File-Based Architecture ClearCase has a file-based architecture. Sourcesafe has a feature called "Shared Files" that compensates for the lack of symbolic links on Windows systems. Get The Comparison May 5, 2020 · Perforce, the game industry standard, very expensive but the best option for dealing with large and complex projects. The following guide will walk you through how to setup a SVN source control server for your UE projects. Which one is better/easier to use and are there other free programs out there just as reliable that UE5 can work with? Archived post. So who wins the battle of Perforce vs. Apr 8, 2024 · Through performance testing with large and small files, Subversion is found to be overall faster than Perforce Helix Core, whilst using less disk space on the server. Perforce has: a) Pending changesets - you can group files that you are editing into groups and manipulate the groups. Aug 28, 2018 · Branching and merging are staples of development. b) Client-Specs - you can map the repository to your local work-space in quite complicated schemes. In SVN, a change list is created for you at submission time. Perforce TeamHub has flexible pricing plans for teams of all sizes. c) No external - so you can't map the same part of the Hello, I am reading recently about Perforce and I am wondering if it is worth the price. This comparison is for the experienced Subversion user who is new to Perforce. Didn't know there was anything else than git and a few other solutions crashing, failing and destroying code bases (I had big problems with Subversion). Visual Studio - Git Open Visual Studio. This comes with advantages and disadvantages. 定性的分析に基づきますので I did a comparison between Perforce and Subversion about 18 to 24 months ago. Aug 21, 2024 · How I setup Subversion to work with Unreal. Diversion: The best version control for Unreal Engine, Game Development, Virtual Production and 3D Visualization. 📘 Related Resource: Tips on Version Control Branching Investigate The following Perforce commands will help you investigate what’s happening in May 22, 2025 · Git and Perforce P4 are two powerful options for source code management, but choosing between them, or using both, depends on your specific use case and priorities. Review the 8 main differences between Perforce vs SVN to conclude which is better suited for your software development team. Its the same difference between using TortoiseSVN and svn command line. Compare the Tortoise(SVN) and the hare (P4EXP). A scalable, easy alternative to Perforce, Git and SVN for large files, UE, Unity, Godot, Blender, Twinmotion, 3ds Max, Maya, Houdini, SketchUp, Substance, ZBrush etc. IMPORT MODE The question here is Git vs Perforce. Jun 20, 2017 · Version Control Systems (VCS) - At the most fundamental level we have Git vs Perforce (P4) Helix vs Subversion (SVN). What you should keep in mind when considering upgrade: Subversion is less tightly coupled with the Visual Studio than VSS. This question is a revival of What is the p4 command equivalent to something like svn status, which was incorrectly marked as a duplicate of How to find untracked files in a Perforce tree? (analogue of svn status). I want to use a Source Control program such as Gir or Subversion, would rather not use Perforce as I don't have the money for that Subscription. Perforce also has a Helix Core plugin for Windows 10 File Explorer, that lets users access version control func Collaboration and Version Control in Unreal Engine How to setup Perforce or SVN so that you can share assets with other on your team. I hope that you find the article to be helpful: May 18, 2023 · Unity Version Control (formerly Plastic SCM) vs. As for SVN, Perforce is just "a better SVN" and is free for less than 5 developers, so you can just use Perforce. Aug 16, 2012 · Merging in subversion is still way harder than it needs to be. The MS Team System (which uses a Perforce-derived Source Control product) provides much better intergation of the development and testing cycle. A bit tough to learn in the beginning but I can't think of a better system. Perforce Perforce (P4) is a standard choice for every big studio. While Subversion has no upfront licensing costs, it leads to slower productivity and wasted resources due to poor workflows, limited scalability, and outdated features. 3k次。博客聚焦于Git、Svn、Perforce的区别。这三者均为代码管理工具，在代码管理领域各有特点和适用场景，了解它们的区别有助于开发者根据项目需求做出合适选择。 Apr 6, 2016 · In the end we simply decided to stick with Subversion for the time being and take a serious look at Perforce in the near future. So, we've broken down things to cover everything you need to know about Git vs. Git is used world wide for an unbelievable number of projects. GitHub is a cloud storage service for Git. In contrast, Perforce is optimized for agile development and continuous delivery with proven performance even for large projects and global Perforce - Version Control Software. Perforce seems faster. Here’s what to do if you need to move your SVN. cfg CONVERSION MODE VS. There's a huge difference here though - Subversion is completely free and open source, like git. Git is terrible at managing large or binary files, and it's also pretty experimental with UE. Comparing Git vs Perforce Both are equally great. SVN ClearCase vs. The perforce conflict resolve tool is better. In the question “What are the best version control systems?” Dec 18, 2024 · Perforce vs Git: A Comprehensive Guide with Practical Examples In the world of version control systems (VCS), Perforce and Git are two widely used tools, each suited to different use cases. But is also not worse. Jan 22, 2021 · Hi guys, I need to share my project with collaborators. Whatever your decision, Assembla can support you in your cloud-hosted repository needs. Jun 2, 2025 · Compare the pros and cons all Perforce hosting solutions: on premises, self managed Perforce hosting, Perforce cloud hosting, and a managed private cloud. Perforce Get a side-by-side comparison showing how SVN and Helix Core handle functions like merging, release management, performance, and scalability. There are also add-ons for IDEs such as Visual Studio and Eclipse. SVN is different from Git and Mercurial, in that it is a single repository that all users have to pull and commit to. Sep 10, 2024 · If your team is trying to decide which version control management software to use for their next project, these articles offer a detailed comparison of the options Assembla supports: Perforce vs Git: A Comprehensive Comparison, Perforce vs SVN: What’s the Difference?, and SVN vs Git: Finding the Best Fit for Your Development Workflow. Transition from Subversion to Helix Core with ease. After starting a project in a Git repository, edit the config file in the . There are many possible VCS (version control software) out there, but I'll name a few contenders just to know who I'm considering for this debate: Perforce, Plastic SCM (now Unity Version Control), SVN, and Git. After gathering as much information as I could, I saw that the two main tools for that are Git and Perforce. "Distributed version control system" is the primary reason why developers choose Git. jar --type=SVN --config=conversion. 4 days ago · Get an overview of SVN commands and how subversion commands compare to P4 commands. This article linked in the OP explains why, with testing data. P4V client is designed around support for binary assets (most of the content in every game project) and ease of use for non-programmers (most of the team members). Wed 21 August 2024, tagged: GameDev Unreal Subversion Overview I have used Perforce, Subversion (SVN) and Git with Unreal on AA Game and Indie Games. Two of our partners, VisualSVN and Perforce, have taken advantage of this opportunity and we’re excited to […] maintained by the community, is a popular choice. jar --type=SVN --default Run the conversion using java -jar p4convert. Select Plug-In Selection under the Source Control branch of the left-side tree control. I found Subversion to be better for my needs. But, which one is better? Find out as we compare Git vs Perforce. Customize a configuration file, you can get a sample by running java -jar p4convert. Oct 1, 2025 · 3. Without paying out the ass for licensing, these two options are not accessible. I feel that Subversion is often overlooked as a source control solution for small to medium teams. When evaluating these solutions, there's a lot to consider. Jul 26, 2011 · Which Version Control Software is right for your project? This definitive feature comparison guide will help you decide the best solution for you. Of course I didn‘t feel like learning a new VCS when there were better alternatives and since most in the team had quarrels with SVN we switched over to Perforce for the next project. maintained by the community, is a popular choice. Can you tell me if it is w Nov 3, 2023 · Subversion (SVN) is one of many version control options available today. 92 verified user reviews and ratings of features, pros, cons, pricing, support and more. Jun 4, 2025 · Source Code Security in Git, Perforce, and Subversion (SVN) Assembla provides Git hosting, Perforce hosting, and SVN hosting. Want to learn how to use SVN effectively? Get SVN tips and best practices — including commands, branching, and more. For anyone who has used P4, the ability to have multiple pending change lists is Mar 11, 2014 · On the internet you can find a lot of information about both SVN and Perforce, and how they differ from each other (perforce vs svn - Google Search). Git is open source and lots of hosting options but a pain in the ass when you start introducing large files and start involving less technical people in your pipeline. A decentralized system requires 2 times more storage because it has a copy of your current project in a cache. Which one do you think is the best for working with a small team on an UE4 project? The main problem I see with Git is about binary files - which are… necessary while making a videogame. Also for every small studio founded by people who already worked with, they don't even look at other solutions (even if they use Git for different things). Even more, with Git LFS, Git behaves like a centralized version control system. Here's how branching works in Subversion and how to use svn merge. Git — what are the differences? Compare version control to find out which version control is best for your team. Some of our members really like the MS Office plugin for perforce, I'm on a Mac so I can't use it. That's the . Read along or jump to the section that interests you the most: What are the benefits of Perforce? I'd love to have some insight as to how Perforce can work better in a given situation than, say, Subversion. Apr 7, 2011 · Perforce and Subversion are quite similar, they both feature atomic commit of groups of files, and path-based branching. Sep 25, 2021 · SVN与Git/Perforce在文件修改处理、分支管理及权限控制上有显著差异。 SVN自动合并不同文件修改，适合职责分离但易引发关联功能错误；Git/Perforce需手动更新提交，减少问题但操作稍烦。 SVN分支为目录直观但占空间，Git/Perforce分支非目录切换快。 Sep 30, 2021 · When deciding between Git vs SVN, there are a few things to compare, like Git and SVN commands and industry adoption (over 95% of developers worldwide are using Git). I still think Git LFS has a lot of potential, but it needs to do a LOT of improving in usability on both the server and client side for it to be practical on any non-trivial projects. These two Version Control Systems are alternatives to git, or GitHub; or to Unity’s Plastic SCM. はじめに ゲーム開発のようなコードとバイナリデータが混在し, 企画, アーティスト, エンジニアなどがチーム作業するプロジェクトを想定して比較したいと思います. Feb 26, 2019 · Is ClearCase or SVN the best VCS for your team? We break down how they compare to Perforce P4. (Other options include Perforce P4, Subversion, Git, and TFS. It delivers better architecture performance, binary file management, and usability than SVN. From there, I investigated both Subversion and Helix Core (Perforce). Jun 29, 2022 · SVN? IMHO it‘s I came from a really decent/good VCS called Perforce to TortoiseSVN with only the Explorer right-click GUI and it was terrible. Jan 9, 2019 · Mercurial vs. Of course, there are Subversion plugins for Visual Studio, but if you're using one of the free versions of Visual Studio, you can not use those plugins. Perforce is known for its great scalability and binary support, while Git had a reputation for failing at both, but with features like Git LFS and sparse checkout, you can work with terabyte-sized Git repositories on a self-hosted GitLab server. SVN is similar to Perforce in how users handle data. The latter is the special case of using a VCS workspace status command to look for offline changes. This means that there is a repository on every computer and there is usually an "Official" repository that people will choose to commit their changes to and pull from. Select Options from the Tools menu. If you have experience with both Perforce and Subve Aug 25, 2020 · CollabNet ended CloudForge repository support on October 1, 2020. Nov 11, 2019 · 此系統，如：CVS, Subversion 及 Perforce 皆具備單一伺服器，記錄所有版本的檔案，且有多個客戶端從伺服器從伺服器取出檔案。 分散式版本控制系統 (Distributed Version Control Systems, 簡稱DVCSs) 在分散式版本控制系統，諸如：Git, Mercurial, Bazaar、Darcs。 Nov 4, 2022 · In this blog, we look at today’s most popular version control and data management software and compare their current security offerings, from Git to Mercurial, SVN, and Helix Core. The following comparisons are high-level and intended to help you take advantage of your Subversion knowledge to learn Perforce. May 29, 2024 · Get a dump file from subversion If using Import Mode, decide which Perforce server to convert into, or create a new one. Perforce经过验证的安装具有10,000多个用户,访问单个存储库。 许多Perforce存储库保存有数百万个文件和TB级的数据，在某些情况下甚至高达PB级。 案例研究表明，Perforce同步大量文件时，速度比SVN快5至10倍。 当项目成熟时，它们的代码库和历史记录就会增长。 Using Subversion (SVN) with Unreal Engine If Perforce is not an option for you, then you can use Subversion (SVN). We are looking at finally moving away from CVS to either Perforce or Subversion and I was just shopping for opinions. Much better than SVN, but comes with a price tag. PlasticSCM, a very promising competitor to Perforce. Nov 2, 2018 · CVS (Concurrent Version System)1986년에 개발되고 90년에 출시된 무료 서버-클라이언트 형상관리 시스템. GIT itself wasn‘t Mar 3, 2018 · SVN should be pretty solid, but I’ve not compared hosted solution for a while now Plastic SCM (and Plastic Cloud) is a challenger for Perforce, and as such is much less expansive (disclaimer: I’ve work with the nice guys at Codice Software) Feb 25, 2022 · Perforce P4 and Apache Subversion (SVN) are the only two viable options for teams who need to version large binary files. Pending Change Lists: In subversion, there is no 'pending change list' as there is in P4. May 7, 2020 · Compare common commands: Perforce vs. Many development teams use SVN for version control. Git, GitLab, SVN (Subversion), Mercurial, and Bitbucket are the most popular alternatives and competitors to Perforce. All of them have their pros and cons when it comes to built-in source code security, which is something you need to take into consideration. SVN? Perforce offers a compelling solution for teams that are looking to regain the productivity they’ve lost to Subversion. Jun 4, 2019 · The TortoiseSVN client is the GUI for SVN — and its most loved feature. This guide highlights key differences and helps optimize your development processes for Helix Core’s full potential. I really like perforce's strong notion of a changelist. Git, while also scalable, can struggle with extremely large binary files unless optimized with tools like Git LFS (Large File Storage). Perforce P4 in the table of contents below. Oct 28, 2019 · Should you move from ClearCase to Git? (Or ClearCase to Perforce P4?) We break down the differences. However, you would be remiss not to at least consider what DVCS's have to offer (Git, Hg, Bzr) or if your budget allows there are commercial tools with excellent reputations (Accurev, Perforce). Perforce shines in environments that demand rigorous oversight Feb 20, 2020 · Perforce P4: The Clear Choice For ClearCase Users P4 is the clear choice for teams that are running into scalability, performance, security, cost, or maintenance issues with ClearCase. Mar 20, 2024 · はじめに ずっと気になっていた、SVNとGitとPerforceはどれが速いのか、を簡単ですが計測してみました There are many possible VCS (version control software) out there, but I'll name a few contenders just to know who I'm considering for this debate: Perforce, Plastic SCM (now Unity Version Control), SVN, and Git. Git vs. I make a couple of commits per day when I'm actively working on a project, so it would not save me much time, maybe 15 seconds each commit. Perforce also has a Helix Core plugin for Windows 10 File Explorer, that lets users access version control func Compare Apache Subversion vs Perforce Helix Core. In summary, Perforce and SVN have key differences in storage model, branching and merging, performance, architecture, permissions and access control, and integration and ecosystem. efuce fcnubny rzxdzy xnme uelrsavd ssllkt bnwgd xgd qveeewej pijj tygfuxb bxyq yqsgb oyacgf azpyuv